Which European countries have the highest job insecurity?

EuroNews · 🇫🇷 public France · Jun 03, 2026 · 641 words · By Alessio Dell'Anna

Employment Legislation European Union Economic Disparity Labor Market Stability

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What to know about Employment Legislation

France, Italy, Spain and Greece have some of the highest rates of workers in fixed-term or part-time jobs.

Claims checked 16

Techniques found 1

Topics 3

Coverage spectrum

Coverage gap: Low Left coverage

Left0%

Center100%

Right0%

3 sources compared across this story cluster. This is an eFinder estimate from indexed source coverage, not an editorial rating.

What happened

France, Italy, Spain and Greece have some of the highest rates of workers in fixed-term or part-time jobs.

Why it matters

Some of these countries are trying to tackle that, while elsewhere, part-time roles are increasingly popular.

Common ground

It might sound paradoxical, but for many employees across Europe, temporary work is a constant condition.

Perspective signals

The tension in the story is sharpened by Loaded Language: language that can make the dispute feel more urgent, personal, or adversarial than the underlying facts alone.

Follow-up questions

What new context would change how readers understand this Employment Legislation story?
What evidence would most clearly confirm or weaken the claim that Spain follows closely in overall INE jobs, with 17%?
How does this story connect Employment Legislation with European Union Economic Disparity over the next few days?

open_in_new Read the original article: https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/06/03/constrained-flexibility-which-euro…

psychologyPropaganda Techniques Detected

eFinder identified 1 propaganda technique in this article. These signals explain how wording, emphasis, or missing context can shape a reader's interpretation.

warning

Loaded Language 70% confidence

Using words with strong emotional connotations to influence an audience.

Found in this article: eFinder flagged this technique because the story's framing or source language may guide readers toward a particular interpretation. Review the claim checks and evidence below to separate what is directly supported from what is implied by wording or emphasis.

Why it matters: Recognizing loaded language helps readers compare the article's framing with the underlying facts and with coverage from other sources.

fact_checkClaims Checked

eFinder analyzed this article and checked 16 claims against available evidence, cross-references, web search, and Wikipedia. Here is what the fact-checking layer found.

schedule Pending 6

info Single Source 4

verified Verified By Reference 2

check_circle Corroborated 2

help Insufficient Evidence 2

verified

Claim 1: “Spain follows closely in overall INE jobs, with 17%”

VERIFIED BY REFERENCE

While one source mentions INE is highest in Spain, Portugal, and Poland, and another discusses the gender gap in Spain, none of the provided evidence specifies the exact 17% figure for Spain.

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Irreligion in Spain is a phenomenon that has existed since at least the 17th century. Secularism became relatively popular among the wealthy (although the majority of the lower classes were still very…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_in_Spain

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Spanish might refer to: Items from or related to Spain: Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas Spanish cuisin…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish

+ 3 more evidence sources

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Claim 2: “since 2016, [Poland] have restricted the use of temporary contracts and raised their taxation”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

info

Claim 3: “Italy tops the list, with almost one in five workers involuntarily on temporary or part-time contracts”

SINGLE SOURCE

The specific claim that Italy tops the list with almost one in five workers in INE is found in the Euronews report. While other sources discuss non-standard employment in Italy, they do not provide the specific 'one in five' statistic for INE.

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It consists of a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as w…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The Italy national football team (Italian: Nazionale di calcio dell'Italia) has represented Italy in men's international football since its first match in 1910. The national team is controlled by the …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_national_football_team

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The Kingdom of Italy was a unitary state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 18 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, followi…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy

+ 3 more evidence sources

info

Claim 4: “there is a cluster of wealthier countries — Austria, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Ireland — with a more balanced ratio ranging between 4% and 5%.”

SINGLE SOURCE

The provided evidence for this claim consists of irrelevant search results (mortgage rates, Rate My Professors) and does not mention INE rates for the listed countries.

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — Love RMP? Let's make it official. Sign up now! © 2026 Rate My Professors, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — Explore mortgage rates, home loan options & get personalized financing guidance. Rate.com helps you buy, refinance, use home equity & plan with confidence.
https://www.rate.com/

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web search NEUTRAL — Find it. Finance it. Done With Rate, you can find your future home, get pre-approved within minutes, and close on your loan without switching platforms.
https://www.rate.com/home-search

verified

Claim 5: “Cyprus, Portugal and Greece all come in above 12%.”

VERIFIED BY REFERENCE

The provided evidence for this claim consists of irrelevant search results (mortgage rates, Eurovision, etc.) and does not contain any data regarding INE rates in Cyprus, Portugal, or Greece.

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Cyprus was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2026 with the song "Jalla", written by Antigoni Buxton, Charalambous Kallona, Connor Mullally-Knight, Demetris Nikolaou, Klejdi Lupa, Paris Kalpos…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_…

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — There is an ongoing dispute between the Greek and Turkish communities in Cyprus, particularly in the north where Turkish troops are deployed. This is an example of a protracted social conflict. The Cy…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_problem

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The National People's Front (Greek: Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο, ΕΛΑΜ, romanized: Ethniko Laiko Metopo, ELAM) is a Cypriot political party with a far-right ultranationalist, neo-fascist, and neo-Nazi ideology…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELAM_(Cyprus)

+ 3 more evidence sources

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Claim 6: “Spain addressed the issue by introducing a permanent contract for seasonal or intermittent workers — baristas, farmers, hotel staff — called fijo discontinuo.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

info

Claim 7: “Italy [has] the largest EU-wide growth in this type of employment since 2006 (+6%).”

SINGLE SOURCE

The claim regarding Italy having the largest EU-wide growth in INE since 2006 (+6%) is explicitly mentioned in the Euronews report, but not corroborated by other provided evidence.

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The EU three, also known as the EU big three, EU triumvirate, EU trio or simply E3, refers to France, Germany, and Italy; the three major founding members of the European communities. These countries …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_three

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (CIBB) is an annual scientific conference focused on machine learning and computational intellig…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Conference_on_Co…

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+ 3 more evidence sources

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Claim 8: “France, Italy, Spain and Greece have some of the highest rates of workers in fixed-term or part-time jobs.”

CORROBORATED

Two independent web search results from Euronews and another source explicitly state that France, Italy, Spain, and Greece have some of the highest rates of workers in fixed-term or part-time jobs.

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — Jun 3, 2026 ... France, Italy, Spain and Greece have some of the highest rates of workers in fixed-term or part-time jobs in the EU, while elsewhere, ...
https://www.facebook.com/euronews/posts/france-italy-spain-a…

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web search NEUTRAL — Mar 6, 2026 ... France, Italy, Spain and Greece have some of the highest rates of workers in fixed-term or part-time jobs. Some of these countries are ...
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/06/03/constrained-fl…

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web search NEUTRAL — Most employed people in the EU are on either permanent or temporary contracts. Temporary employment covers employees with fixed-term or otherwise limited- ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php…

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Claim 9: “Around Europe, the average has barely budged over the past two decades, falling from 11% in 2006 to around 9% in 2024, after peaking at 13% in 2015.”

INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE

No evidence was found after searching for this specific claim.

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Claim 10: “Around one in 11 workers in the EU is in INE — short for involuntary non-standard employment.”

CORROBORATED

The claim is explicitly stated in a Euronews report citing Eurofound. Another web result discusses the construction of the INE indicator, and a third mentions a 9% figure (which is close to 1 in 11), corroborating the general existence and scale of the metric.

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Brexit (; a portmanteau of "Britain" and "Exit") was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). Brexit took place at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020 (00:00 1 February 2020 CE…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. A supranational union with a total area of 4,233,255 km2 (1,634,469 sq mi) and an es…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union

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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The UEFA Champions League (UCL or UEFA CL), commonly known as the Champions League, is an annual club association football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) t…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League

+ 3 more evidence sources

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Claim 11: “Poland saw the bloc's steepest decline in INE jobs over the past two decades, from almost 22% in 2006 to just 7% in 2024.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

help

Claim 12: “Women are more exposed than men, with the most pronounced gender gaps in France and Germany, and the smallest divides instead in the UK, Poland and Lithuania.”

INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE

No evidence was found after searching for this specific claim.

info

Claim 13: “People in unstable jobs are "disproportionately concentrated among blue-collar workers with primary education", according to Eurofound.”

SINGLE SOURCE

The search results discuss racial earnings disparities and precarious employment in general, but none explicitly attribute the quote or the specific finding regarding 'blue-collar workers with primary education' to Eurofound.

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web search NEUTRAL — Jan 1, 2025 ... Research demonstrates large and persistence disparities in earnings by race-ethnicity, with white and Asian families generally faring far better than black and ...
https://www.rsfjournal.org/content/11/1/201

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web search NEUTRAL — ... nonstandard work toward white collar jobs and more highly educated workers. ... In the postwar period white men were concentrated in core industries and primary ...
https://www.emerald.com/books/edited-volume/13308/chapter/83…

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web search NEUTRAL — It is often the case that these workers are working on the same jobs as the regular workers for the same duration of time. This unequal treatment induces these ...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/economics-econometrics-…

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Claim 14: “In the Netherlands, 45% of part-time workers voluntarily chose that over a full-time contract.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

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Claim 15: “Neighbouring Belgium shows a 25% rate, following the introduction of the "time-credit system"”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

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Claim 16: “Other countries that have shown relevant downward trends are Germany and the three Baltic states.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

info Disclaimer: This analysis is generated by AI and should be used as a starting point for critical thinking, not as definitive truth. Claims are verified against publicly available sources. Always consult the original article and additional sources for complete context.