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Scurvy's skeletal fingerprint found in California's Late Holocene archaeological sites

Phys · · 1012 words · By Sandee Oster

A study published in the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology examines skeletal remains from Late Holocene sites in California to identify evidence of scurvy. The research suggests that infants were more frequently affected by vitamin C deficiency, potentially due to maternal dietary restrictions and the nutritional demands of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

open_in_new Read the original article: https://phys.org/news/2026-05-scurvy-skeletal-fingerprint-california-late.html

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Propaganda Score
confidence: 100%
Low risk. This article shows minimal use of propaganda techniques.

fact_checkFact-Check Results

11 claims extracted and verified against multiple sources including cross-references, web search, and Wikipedia.

info Single Source 6
help Insufficient Evidence 2
verified Verified By Reference 1
check_circle Corroborated 1
schedule Pending 1
verified
“A recent study published in the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology documented skeletal changes linked to scurvy in Late Holocene archaeological sites in California (500 BCE–1834 CE).”
VERIFIED BY REFERENCE
While the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology exists, the provided search results do not contain the specific study regarding scurvy in Late Holocene California sites. The results are general journal descriptions or unrelated articles.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Bioarchaeology (osteoarchaeology, osteology or palaeo-osteology) in Europe describes the study of biological remains from archaeological sites. In the United States it is the scientific study of human…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioarchaeology
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The cat (Felis catus), also called domestic cat and house cat, is a small carnivorous mammal. It is an obligate carnivore, requiring a predominantly meat-based diet. Its retractable claws are adapted …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Otodus megalodon ( MEG-əl-ə-don; meaning "big tooth"), commonly known as megalodon, is an extinct species of giant mackerel shark that lived approximately 23 to 3.58 million years ago (Mya), from the …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalodon
+ 3 more evidence sources
check_circle
“Scurvy is a nutritional deficiency that develops within one to three months of a deficiency (<10mg/day) of vitamin C intake”
CORROBORATED
Multiple independent sources (Wikipedia and ScienceInsights) confirm that scurvy develops after one to three months of deficiency and specifically mention the threshold of under 10mg per day.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Vitamin C or ascorbate is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits, berries and vegetables. It is found as a form of ascorbic acid. It is an essential nutrient involved in the repair o…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Scurvy or scorbutus is a deficiency disease (state of malnutrition) resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Early symptoms of deficiency include weakness, fatigue, and sore arms and legs. …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The signs and symptoms depend on the stage it presents: primary, secondary, latent or te…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis
+ 3 more evidence sources
info
“Dr. Alyson Caine and her colleagues examined 27 individuals across the San Francisco Bay and Central Valley with an additional five sites curated from the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology (PAHMA).”
SINGLE SOURCE
The search results mention the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum and William Randolph Hearst, but there is no mention of Dr. Alyson Caine or the specific study involving 27 individuals.
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web search NEUTRAL — Hearst was born in San Francisco to George Hearst on April 29, 1863, a millionaire mining engineer, owner of gold and other mines through his corporation, and his much younger wife Phoebe Apperson Hea…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst
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web search NEUTRAL — this study from the Lancet.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3…
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web search NEUTRAL — The authors of the current article analyzed results from “Neuro 1”...
https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/ujar20
info
“The study found that infants were predominantly affected by scurvy, while adults did not show any signs of the disease.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The provided evidence discusses scurvy in general or in a Serbian burial, but does not provide the results of the specific California study mentioned in the claim.
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web search NEUTRAL — Scurvy, including subclinical scurvy, is caused by a deficiency of dietary vitamin C since the human liver is unable to synthesize vitamin C. Provided the diet contains sufficient vitamin C, the lack …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy
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web search NEUTRAL — Scurvy in adults is rare. Young children and older persons are predisposed to scurvy due to their diet or the overheating of food. It does not occur before six months of age because maternal stores ar…
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/hypovitaminosis-c-scurvy-1
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web search NEUTRAL — Scurvy, resulting from vitamin C deficiency, has nonspecific constitutional symptoms, including weakness, malaise, and fatigue. It is frequently misdiagnosed...
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3…
info
“Two double burials from CA-ALA-11 provided the most direct evidence of the link between maternal health and infant scurvy.”
SINGLE SOURCE
No evidence was found regarding site CA-ALA-11 or the specific double burials mentioned in the claim.
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web search NEUTRAL — employed.RESULTS: Individual 04.AR.60004 is an infant male with an estimated age-at-death of 2 months showing two metabolic stress events, one occurring before birth and one a few days before death.
https://www.broadinstitute.org/publications/broad1362971
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web search NEUTRAL — View more talks on www.TEDxUNPlaza.comDr. Jess Ghannam is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Global Health Sciences in the School of Medicine at UCSF.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mA5hY0XKByM
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web search NEUTRAL — Comprehensive overview of the infant mortality rate by country through the years, showcasing the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births across various nations, including the top ten countries w…
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/infant-mo…
info
“The first double burial was of an adult female (45+ years old) and a ~40-week-old infant. The infant showed signs of scurvy, including Pelkan's spurs”
SINGLE SOURCE
The search results provide dictionary definitions of 'double' but no archaeological data regarding a female and infant burial at CA-ALA-11.
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web search NEUTRAL — The meaning of DOUBLE is having a twofold relation or character : dual. How to use double in a sentence.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/double
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — DOUBLE definition: 1. twice the size, amount, price, etc., or consisting of two similar things together: 2. A double…. Learn more.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/double
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — 42 senses: 1. as much again in size, strength, number, etc 2. composed of two equal or similar parts; in a pair; twofold 3..... Click for more definitions.
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/doub…
info
“The second double burial... included an adult female (40–44 years old) and an infant between 8 and 10 months of age. The infant showed signs of scurvy as well as healing of some scurvy lesions.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The search results discuss scurvy symptoms generally but do not mention the specific second double burial at CA-ALA-11.
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web search NEUTRAL — Scurvy is a state of dietary deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). The human body lacks the ability to synthesize and make vitamin C and therefore depends on exogenous dietary sources to meet vitam…
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/125350-overview
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web search NEUTRAL — The type and distribution of abnormalities in the skeleton of a child 2 years of age indicates that the child likely suffered from scurvy at the time of death. The burial is from the archaeological si…
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230212522_Childhood…
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web search NEUTRAL — Signs of scurvy also include hypotension,[12] pulmonary hypertension, and an enlarged heart.[13][14][15]. A neglected child presenting a "scorbutic tongue" due to vitamin C deficiency.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy
info
“weaning foods were typically made from seeds, acorns, and geophytes, foods low in vitamin C.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The search results provide dictionary definitions of 'traditional' but no nutritional data regarding seeds, acorns, and geophytes as weaning foods in this context.
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web search NEUTRAL — The meaning of TRADITIONAL is of or relating to tradition : consisting of or derived from tradition. How to use traditional in a sentence.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/traditional
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web search NEUTRAL — TRADITIONAL meaning: 1. following or belonging to the customs or ways of behaving that have continued in a group of…. Learn more.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/tradi…
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Define traditional. traditional synonyms, traditional pronunciation, traditional translation, English dictionary definition of traditional. adj. Of, relating to, or in accord with tradition: a traditi…
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/traditional
help
“studies have noted that pregnant women did not engage in hunting and may have eaten less meat while they were pregnant.”
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
No evidence was found after searching.
help
“ethnohistoric evidence notes that salt and fish were avoided by some women during pregnancy”
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
No evidence was found after searching.
schedule
“White lines of Fraenkel, are seen in modern clinical cases of scurvy”
PENDING
info Disclaimer: This analysis is generated by AI and should be used as a starting point for critical thinking, not as definitive truth. Claims are verified against publicly available sources. Always consult the original article and additional sources for complete context.