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Researchers identify enzyme that prevents chromosome breaks during DNA copying

Phys · · 645 words · By University

Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch have discovered that the enzyme ATR prevents chromosome breaks by stabilizing the DNA-copying machinery during replication stalls. This finding suggests that while ATR inhibitors are being developed for cancer treatment, they may pose risks to healthy tissues by increasing chromosomal instability.

open_in_new Read the original article: https://phys.org/news/2026-05-enzyme-chromosome-dna.html

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Low risk. This article shows minimal use of propaganda techniques.

fact_checkFact-Check Results

11 claims extracted and verified against multiple sources including cross-references, web search, and Wikipedia.

info Single Source 6
check_circle Corroborated 2
help Insufficient Evidence 2
schedule Pending 1
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“Researchers at The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) have identified how a key enzyme called ATR protects DNA from breaking when cells copy damaged genetic material”
CORROBORATED
Two independent web search results explicitly state that researchers at UTMB identified how the enzyme ATR protects DNA from breaking during the copying of damaged genetic material.
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web search NEUTRAL — Researchers at The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) have identified how a key enzyme called ATR protects DNA from breaking when cells copy damaged genetic material, a discovery that could aff…
https://development.utmb.edu/home/utmb-news-article/utmb-new…
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web search NEUTRAL — An exploration of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_-6JXLYS-k
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web search NEUTRAL — Researchers at The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) have identified how a key enzyme called ATR protects DNA from breaking when cells copy damaged genetic material, a discovery that could aff…
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20260515/New-mechanism-to-…
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“Published in Genes & Development, the study shows how ATR helps stabilize the cell's DNA-copying machinery during replication stalls, preventing chromosomes from breaking.”
CORROBORATED
Two independent web search results confirm the study was published in 'Genes & Development' and describes ATR's role in stabilizing the DNA-copying machinery during replication stalls to prevent chromosome breaks.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — ATR-16 syndrome, also called alpha-thalassemia-intellectual disability syndrome, is a rare disease characterized by monosomy on part of chromosome 16.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATR-16_syndrome
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR, also known as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or FRAP-related protein 1 (FRP1), is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ATR gene. It i…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia_telangiectasia_and_Rad3…
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Natural DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a nucleobase missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG. DN…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_(naturally_occurrin…
+ 3 more evidence sources
info
“Jung-Hoon Yoon and Karthi Sellamuthu, working in the laboratories of Satya Prakash, Ph.D., and Louise Prakash, Ph.D., found that ATR's role is to hold the DNA-copying machinery, known as the replisome, in place at the damaged site long enough for another enzyme to step in and copy past the damage.”
SINGLE SOURCE
Only one specific web search result mentions Jung-Hoon Yoon, Karthi Sellamuthu, and the laboratories of Satya and Louise Prakash in relation to the replisome and ATR. Other results are generic or unrelated.
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web search NEUTRAL — Jung-Hoon Yoon and Karthi Sellamuthu, working in the laboratories of Satya Prakash, PhD, and Louise Prakash, PhD, found that ATR’s role is to hold the DNA-copying machinery, known as the replisome, in…
https://development.utmb.edu/home/utmb-news-article/utmb-new…
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web search NEUTRAL — DNA Methylation Is the Primary Silencing Mechanism for a Set of Germ Line...
https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/tmcb20
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web search NEUTRAL — Y-family DNA polymerases (Pols) are intrinsically highly error-prone; yet they conduct predominantly error-free translesion synthesis (TLS) in normal human cells. In response to DNA damage, Y-family P…
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40900148/
info
“Scientists call this rescue process translesion synthesis, or TLS.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The provided evidence for this claim consists of general dictionary definitions of the word 'process' and does not mention 'translesion synthesis' or 'TLS' in the context of the rescue process described.
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web search NEUTRAL — A process is a series or set of activities that interact to produce a result; it may occur once-only or be recurrent or periodic. Things called a process include: Manufacturing process management, a c…
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process
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web search NEUTRAL — 2 days ago · The meaning of PROCESS is a series of actions that produce something or that lead to a particular result. How to use process in a sentence.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/process
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web search NEUTRAL — To process food or raw materials is to prepare, change, or treat them as part of an industrial operation. Management recognizes it is important to get the process right even if it means delaying the p…
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/proce…
info
“The experiments were conducted in cultured human and mouse cells.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The web search results provided discuss human-mouse chimeras and brain cells, but none of them refer to the specific UTMB study on ATR and DNA replication using cultured human and mouse cells.
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web search NEUTRAL — This mouse-human chimera shows human cells (green) in a 17-day-old mouse embryo (blue) that are mostly red blood cells accumulated in the mouse's liver.
https://www.livescience.com/chimera-human-mouse.html
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web search NEUTRAL — Study shows that intelligence derives from brain cells other than neurons. A team of neuroscientists has grafted human brain cells into the brains of mice and found that the rodents’ rate of learning …
https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/guest-blog/human-bra…
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web search NEUTRAL — In culture, the cells rapidly alter their gene expression, and mouse microglia respond differently to disease than do their human counterparts. Chimeric mice may provide a solution.
https://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/human-microglia-…
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“In cells where ATR was switched off, chromosome breaks after a small dose of ultraviolet light increased roughly tenfold.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The claim that chromosome breaks increased roughly tenfold after UV light when ATR was switched off is found in only one specific web search result.
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web search NEUTRAL — In cells where ATR was switched off, chromosome breaks after a small dose of ultraviolet light increased roughly tenfold. About one chromosome in 10 showed visible damage. When ATR was functioning nor…
https://development.utmb.edu/home/utmb-news-article/utmb-new…
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web search NEUTRAL — 7 in 10 men stand when they pee instead of sitting down. Using UV light and fluorescent liquid, researchers at QS Supplies tested dozens of standing urinatio...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejl7vrDUIcs
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web search NEUTRAL — Ultimately, recruited myeloid cells become activated, express MMP9, and produce interferon beta, further sensitizing keratinocytes to UV damage. This creates a self-reinforcing inflammatory loop that …
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/nih-funded-study-reveals-how-…
info
“About 1 in 10 chromosomes showed visible damage [when ATR was switched off].”
SINGLE SOURCE
The specific statistic that 1 in 10 chromosomes showed visible damage when ATR was switched off is only mentioned in one web search result. Other results are general definitions of chromosomes.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR, also known as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or FRAP-related protein 1 (FRP1), is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ATR gene. It i…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia_telangiectasia_and_Rad3…
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Attenuated total reflection (ATR) is a sampling technique used in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy which enables samples to be examined directly in the solid or liquid state without further prep…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_total_reflectance
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Natural DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a nucleobase missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG. DN…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_(naturally_occurrin…
+ 3 more evidence sources
info
“When ATR was functioning normally, the rate was closer to one in 100.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The specific rate of one in 100 for chromosomes with functioning ATR is only mentioned in one web search result.
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web search NEUTRAL — The term 'chromosome' is sometimes used in a wider sense to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, which may or may not be visible under light microscopy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome
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web search NEUTRAL — Compared with unsynchronized, G1, or M phase cells, S phase cells were most sensitive to irradiation if ATR-kd had been induced before UV treatment (Fig. 3B). Induction of ATR-wt had no effect on the …
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC55378/
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web search NEUTRAL — The other two chromosomes, X and Y, are the sex chromosomes. This picture of the human chromosomes lined up in pairs is called a karyotype. A normal male karyotype with 22 autosomes, one X chromosome,…
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/howman…
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“A temporary backup system took over, including an enzyme called PrimPol, which had previously been studied mainly in cancer cells and was not known to play this role in normal cells.”
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
No evidence was found in the provided search results regarding PrimPol acting as a backup system in normal cells for this specific study.
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“ATR is already a target of cancer drugs in clinical trials”
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
No evidence was provided in the search results to confirm that ATR is currently a target of cancer drugs in clinical trials.
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“Jung-Hoon Yoon et al, Coupling of translesion synthesis with the replisome stabilized at stalled replication forks by ATR, Genes & Development (2026). DOI: 10.1101/gad.353474.125”
PENDING
info Disclaimer: This analysis is generated by AI and should be used as a starting point for critical thinking, not as definitive truth. Claims are verified against publicly available sources. Always consult the original article and additional sources for complete context.