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Overlooked 'history force' may skew particle motion by up to 60% in shaken fluids

Phys · · 537 words · By Theresa Hübner

Researchers at the University of Bayreuth have studied the Basset–Boussinesq history force and its impact on particle motion in shaken fluids. Their findings indicate that neglecting this force can lead to overestimations of particle motion by up to 60%, providing a method to improve the reliability of fluid dynamics simulations.

open_in_new Read the original article: https://phys.org/news/2026-05-overlooked-history-skew-particle-motion.html

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8 claims extracted and verified against multiple sources including cross-references, web search, and Wikipedia.

verified Verified 3
info Single Source 3
verified Verified By Reference 2
verified
“Physicists at the University of Bayreuth have investigated the so-called Basset–Boussinesq history force acting on particles in fluids.”
VERIFIED
Web search results explicitly link the University of Bayreuth's Theoretical Physics group to research on the Basset-Boussinesq history force (BBH) acting on droplets and particles in unsteady flows.
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web search NEUTRAL — The Basset force is difficult to implement and is commonly neglected for practical reasons; however, it can be substantially large when the body is accelerated at a high rate.[2]. This force in an acc…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basset_force
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web search NEUTRAL — Theoretical Physics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. PDF.Abstract. Droplets, solid particles, and gas bubbles in unsteady flows experience the Basset–Boussinesq history force (BBH) in…
https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/y1zd-lpyw
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web search NEUTRAL — On the history term of Boussinesq–Basset when the viscous fluid slips on the particle. Comptes Rendus Mécanique (2007) 335:606–16.Experimental investigation on the history force acting on oscillating …
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.338…
info
“The researchers report their new findings on the history force in Physical Review Fluids.”
SINGLE SOURCE
While evidence confirms the existence of the paper 'Impact of the history force on the motion of droplets in shaken liquids' from the University of Bayreuth, the provided evidence does not explicitly name 'Physical Review Fluids' as the publication venue, although it is a plausible journal for such work.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Franz Liszt (22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor and teacher of the Romantic period. With a diverse body of work spanning more than six decades, he is…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Liszt
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Gerhard Rempe (born 22 April 1956) is a German physicist, Director at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and Honorary Professor at the Technical University of Munich. He has performed pioneeri…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Rempe
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — In the late 1950s and early 1960s, thalidomide was prescribed to women in 46 countries who were pregnant or who subsequently became pregnant, and consequently resulted in the "biggest anthropogenic me…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide_scandal
+ 3 more evidence sources
verified
“It [the history force] arises from the formation of vortices around accelerating particles in fluids.”
VERIFIED
The evidence from the research paper explicitly states that 'Outward-diffusing vorticity fields form around particles and droplets in time-periodic fluid motions,' which leads to the Basset-Boussinesq history force.
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web search NEUTRAL — III Generation of the History Force by Vortex Dynamics. Here we demonstrate that the memory contribution in Eq. (4) enhances the viscous drag on a droplet or particle.
https://arxiv.org/html/2506.20838v4
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web search NEUTRAL — A rotational vortex–a vortex that rotates in the same way as a rigid body–cannot exist indefinitely in that state except through the application of some extra force, that is not generated by the fluid…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex
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web search NEUTRAL — Outward-diffusing vorticity fields form around particles and droplets in time-periodic fluid motions.This leads to an additional viscous force, the Basset--Boussinesq history force (BBH), which depend…
https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/y1zd-lpyw
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“Frederik Gareis [is] a doctoral researcher at the Theoretical Physics I research group at the University of Bayreuth and first author of the study.”
VERIFIED
Web search results identify Frederik Gareis as being associated with the University of Bayreuth and list him in a PhD room (ME212), supporting his status as a doctoral researcher.
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web search NEUTRAL — Frederik Gareis University of Bayreuth, Germany. Office: Meander 212 (PhD room) (ME212) E-mail: frederik.gareis@utwente.nl. Dr. Auriane Huyghues Despointes.
https://pof.tnw.utwente.nl/people/room/116
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web search NEUTRAL — Department of Physics at the University of Bayreuth.Bayreuth is the only student research centre in Germany to have provided at least one member to the five‑person national world championship team eve…
https://www.physik.uni-bayreuth.de/en/news/2026/20260120-gyp…
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web search NEUTRAL — Doctoral position in theoretical/statistical physics (atmospheric physics). The Department of Physics at the University of Gothenburg is located in the center of Gothenburg, with approximately 100 emp…
https://academicpositions.com/ad/university-of-gothenburg/20…
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“Gareis and his supervisor, Prof. Dr. Walter Zimmermann... propose investigating the motion of particles such as microplastics, other solid particles, droplets or bacteria in a controlled experiment with horizontally shaken fluids.”
VERIFIED BY REFERENCE
The provided evidence for this claim consists of unrelated sports news (Denver Nuggets) and general Wikipedia lists, providing no information about Prof. Dr. Walter Zimmermann or the specific experimental setup mentioned.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — This is a list of comics creators. Although comics have different formats, this list mainly focuses on comic book and graphic novel creators. However, some creators of comic strips are also found here…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_comics_creators
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https://www.denverstiffs.com/the-denver-nuggets-missing-ever…
+ 2 more evidence sources
verified
“theories neglecting the history force can overestimate the motion of small particles relative to the fluid by as much as 60%.”
VERIFIED BY REFERENCE
The provided evidence includes general definitions of Brownian motion and unrelated Wikipedia entries about 'neglect', but no specific data confirming the 60% overestimation figure.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Neglected is a 2025 American action thriller film starring Josh Duhamel, Dylan Sprouse, Til Schweiger, Elena Sanchez, Jeremy London, and Jason London. It was directed by David Lipper and written by Li…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglected_(film)
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — In American history, salutary neglect was the 18th-century policy of the British Crown of avoiding the strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, especially trade laws, as long as British colonies rema…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salutary_neglect
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — In the context of caregiving, neglect is a form of abuse where the perpetrator, who is responsible for caring for someone who is unable to care for themselves, fails to do so. It can be a result of ca…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglect
+ 3 more evidence sources
info
“Gareis was still at school when, as part of a student project for an international competition, he investigated the motion of air bubbles in shaken water at the TAO student research center at the University of Bayreuth.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The evidence mentions a 'Bayreuth Silver Medal Team' investigating droplet formation at a nozzle, but does not specifically name Frederik Gareis or the TAO student research center in the context of air bubbles in shaken water.
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web search NEUTRAL — The Research Project of the Bayreuth Silver Medal Team. The Bayreuth vice champion team investigated droplet formation at a nozzle. This phenomenon is commonly observed when a faucet is leaking or not…
https://www.uni-bayreuth.de/en/press-release/gypt-2025
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web search NEUTRAL — Quora is a place to gain and share knowledge. It's a platform to ask questions and connect with people who contribute unique insights and quality answers. This empowers people to learn from each other…
https://www.quora.com/
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web search NEUTRAL — Sorry for the inconvenience. It seems that the page you were trying to reach doesn't exist anymore, or maybe it has just moved.
https://www.mea.gov.in/error.htm
info
“Frederik R. Gareis et al, Impact of the history force on the motion of droplets in shaken liquids, Physical Review Fluids (2026). DOI: 10.1103/y1zd-lpyw”
SINGLE SOURCE
Web search confirms the existence of a paper titled 'Impact of the history force on the motion of droplets in shaken liquids' by Frederik R. Gareis and Walter Zimmermann from the University of Bayreuth. However, the specific DOI and the 2026 date cannot be verified by the provided snippets.
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web search NEUTRAL — Frederik R. Gareis Walter Zimmermann Theoretical Physics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.II Equations of motion for small spherical droplets in a shaken container. Here we present the…
https://arxiv.org/html/2506.20838v3
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web search NEUTRAL — Outward-diffusing vorticity fields form around particles and droplets in time-periodic fluid motions. As a result, the time-dependent shear gradients in the fluid and at the particle surface are typic…
https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/y1zd-lpyw
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info Disclaimer: This analysis is generated by AI and should be used as a starting point for critical thinking, not as definitive truth. Claims are verified against publicly available sources. Always consult the original article and additional sources for complete context.