“False claims, AI-generated videos and recycled war footage have been circulating online since the start of the war, both as part of state narratives, but also from individual actions seeking clicks and views for revenue.”

“The Iran war has highlighted how producing videos with artificial intelligence (AI) can impact the public's perception during periods of maximum news consumption, and as countries involved in the conflict aim to shape their own narrative as well.”

“Easy and cheap access to AI video technologies has flooded social media with AI-fabricated deepfake videos and photos of combat, impact on civilian areas or statements since the start of the Iran war, fuelling disinformation which can have a significant impact on the perceptions of the war and the actual reality on the ground.”

“Videos intercut with Hollywood clips, a sort of memeification of communication designed to appeal to a far-right aesthetic that rejects empathy in favour of humiliation.”

“Iran has risen to the game, often mocking the United States with their memes, but a lot of AI-generated images appear to be exaggerating Iran’s military successes, arguably to add to pressure on Gulf states to put pressure for de-escalation.”

“The use of AI is legion and is increasingly hard to detect.”

“In a fast-moving conflict, verified information is often delayed, which creates a vacuum that misinformation fills immediately.”