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'Gender criteria gap' places women leaders at disadvantage in the workplace

Phys · · 635 words · By Russell Parton

The article reports on a study published in the International Economic Review regarding a 'gender criteria gap' in workplace evaluations. The research suggests that male leaders are judged by both results and intentions, while female leaders are primarily judged by outcomes alone.

open_in_new Read the original article: https://phys.org/news/2026-05-gender-criteria-gap-women-leaders.html

analyticsAnalysis

10%
Propaganda Score
confidence: 95%
Low risk. This article shows minimal use of propaganda techniques.

fact_checkFact-Check Results

7 claims extracted and verified against multiple sources including cross-references, web search, and Wikipedia.

info Single Source 6
verified Verified 1
info
“In a new study published in the International Economic Review, they found that women in leadership roles are judged by results alone, whereas male leaders are judged by both their results and their intentions.”
SINGLE SOURCE
While a paper titled 'Gender Criteria Gap in Evaluation: Role of Perceived Intentions and Outcomes' by Nisvan Erkal exists (as seen in claim 6 evidence), the specific finding that women are judged by results alone while men are judged by results and intentions is not explicitly detailed in the provided search snippets. The search results for claim 0 discuss general gender bias in leadership but not this specific study's findings.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The American Economic Review is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal first published by the American Economic Association in 1911. The current editor-in-chief is Erzo FP Luttmer, a professor of ec…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Economic_Review
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The International Economic Review (IER) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal in economics published by the Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University. The j…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Economic_Review
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The Singapore Economic Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by World Scientific. The journal was established in 1956 as the Malayan Economic Review, obtaining its current name in 1969.…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Singapore_Economic_Review
+ 3 more evidence sources
info
“The researchers looked at how bonus payments are determined by outcomes vs. perceptions of actions chosen in a series of experiments involving about 600 participants.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The evidence provided for claim 1 consists of irrelevant search results (Fourth Amendment, Coca-Cola 600, etc.). However, the existence of the paper by Nisvan Erkal (confirmed in claim 6) suggests the study exists, but the specific methodology (600 participants, bonus payments) is not corroborated by the provided evidence snippets.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Year 600 (DC) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 600 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/600
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The Coca-Cola 600, originally the World 600, is an annual 600-mile (970 km) NASCAR Cup Series points race held at the Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina, on the fourth or last Sunday …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_600
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — My 600-lb Life is an American reality television series that has aired on the TLC television network from 2012 to 2025. Each episode follows a year in the life of morbidly obese individuals, who usua…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_600-lb_Life
+ 3 more evidence sources
info
“The researchers found that even though evaluators held similar perceptions about the actions taken by both male and female leaders, they rewarded them differently, with male leaders receiving higher bonus payments as well as being made to pay higher penalties.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The provided evidence for claim 2 is entirely irrelevant (Study.com, library rooms). There is no evidence in the snippets to corroborate the specific finding regarding higher bonuses and penalties for male leaders.
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web search NEUTRAL — 1 day ago · Study Rooms are for current UW and Cascadia College students only. Reservations are required. Instructions: Click on the green box that corresponds with the desired start time for the rese…
https://cal.lib.uw.edu/reserve/bothell
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Master any subject with Studley AI. Trusted by more than 2,000,000 top students. Create beautiful and interactive notes, flashcards, quizzes and podcasts from any content. Study smarter, not harder.
https://www.studley.ai/
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Take online courses on Study.com that are fun and engaging. Pass exams to earn real college credit. Research schools and degrees to further your education.
https://study.com/
info
“They found that payments to male leaders rose strongly when they were perceived to have chosen the higher investment for the group, but the same perceptions for female leaders had little impact on what they were paid.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The provided evidence for claim 3 is irrelevant (AI dropshipping, Quora, Corruption Index). No corroborating evidence for the specific finding on investment perceptions is present in the snippets.
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Get a FREE AI-built Shopify store: https://www.buildyourstore.ai/0057Try AutoDS here for just $1 - https://www.autods.com/006a How to Make $10,000/month On...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfOT2elC2Ok
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Quora is a place to gain and share knowledge. It's a platform to ask questions and connect with people who contribute unique insights and quality answers. This empowers people to learn from each other…
https://www.quora.com/
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — The Corruption Perceptions Index 2024 ranks 180 countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption. Find out the scores and read our analysis.
https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2024
info
“Return on investment, or the outcome, was important in determining payments for both male and female leaders.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The provided evidence for claim 4 consists of dictionary definitions and tax filing information, which are irrelevant to the study's findings on ROI.
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web search NEUTRAL — RETURN definition: 1. to come or go back to a previous place: 2. If people or things return to a previous condition…. Learn more.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/return
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web search NEUTRAL — Jan 8, 2026 · When to file your taxes The tax deadline for 2025 tax returns is April 15, 2026. You may have more time to file if: You were affected by a federally-declared disaster. On the due date, y…
https://www.irs.gov/filing/individuals/how-to-file
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web search NEUTRAL — 2 days ago · reciprocate, retaliate, requite, return mean to give back usually in kind or in quantity. reciprocate implies a mutual or equivalent exchange or a paying back of what one has received.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/return
info
“The findings also reveal that male leaders could possibly receive bonuses for low outcomes if the evaluators had a positive enough perception about their decisions.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The provided evidence for claim 5 is irrelevant (YouTube workbooks, physical attractiveness of evaluators). No corroborating evidence for the specific finding on bonuses for low outcomes is present.
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web search NEUTRAL — Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFQ4r8HU-TM
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — The study reveals that attractive evaluators who delivered positive evaluations elicited the highest levels of liking (mean score +2.83). This indicates that physical attractiveness significantly ampl…
https://www.academia.edu/63867065/Liking_for_an_evaluator_as…
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web search NEUTRAL — (with the exception of a transition period for Evaluators that have already received one recommendation to become a Team Leader. Those Evaluators will apply the previous version in relation to promoti…
https://apac-production-wp.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/a…
verified
“Nisvan Erkal et al, Gender Criteria Gap in Evaluation: Role of Perceived Intentions and Outcomes, International Economic Review (2026). DOI: 10.1111/iere.70078”
VERIFIED
The existence of the paper 'Gender Criteria Gap in Evaluation: Role of Perceived Intentions and Outcomes' by Nisvan Erkal, Lata Gangadharan, and Boon Han Koh is confirmed by the SSRN search result. The DOI and title match the claim. While the date '2026' in the claim likely refers to a forthcoming publication date or a typo in the source (as the SSRN post is dated 2021/2025), the core bibliographic details are verified.
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Formative assessment, formative evaluation, formative feedback, or assessment for learning, including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formative_assessment
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — The GRADE approach (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) is a method of assessing the certainty in evidence (also known as quality of evidence or confidence in effect est…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRADE_approach
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wikipedia NEUTRAL — Impact evaluation assesses the extent to which an intervention (such as a project, program or policy) is causally responsible for observed outcomes, intended and unintended. In contrast to outcome mon…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_evaluation
+ 3 more evidence sources
info Disclaimer: This analysis is generated by AI and should be used as a starting point for critical thinking, not as definitive truth. Claims are verified against publicly available sources. Always consult the original article and additional sources for complete context.