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For years, reading struggles seemed obvious. This massive analysis points to a very different cause

Phys · · 525 words · By Ryan McCullar

The article discusses a large-scale analysis led by Dr. Daniel Hajovsky regarding the cognitive predictors of reading success in children. The research suggests that auditory processing and comprehension-knowledge are more significant predictors of reading ability than general intelligence or visual processing.

open_in_new Read the original article: https://phys.org/news/2026-05-years-struggles-obvious-massive-analysis.html

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10%
Propaganda Score
confidence: 95%
Low risk. This article shows minimal use of propaganda techniques.

fact_checkFact-Check Results

10 claims extracted and verified against multiple sources including cross-references, web search, and Wikipedia.

info Single Source 8
help Insufficient Evidence 2
info
“Dr. Daniel Hajovsky, associate professor in Texas A&M University's Department of Educational Psychology, has led one of the largest analyses ever conducted on the relationship between cognitive abilities and reading.”
SINGLE SOURCE
One web search result explicitly mirrors the claim's phrasing regarding Dr. Hajovsky leading one of the largest analyses on cognitive abilities and reading. Other results confirm his identity and affiliation at Texas A&M, but do not independently corroborate the 'largest analysis' claim.
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web search NEUTRAL — Dr. Daniel Hajovsky, associate professor in Texas A&M University's Department of Educational Psychology, has led one of the largest analyses ever conducted on the relationship between cognitive abilit…
https://stories.tamu.edu/news/2026/05/07/new-study-busts-myt…
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web search NEUTRAL — A large body of prior work shows cognitive abilities and basic academic skills explain individual differences in performance on reading, writing, and math achievement measures.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel-Hajovsky
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web search NEUTRAL — Texas A&M University - Cited by 1,911 - Human Cognitive Abilities - Academic Achievement - Teacher-Student Relationships - Social Cognitive
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BJAll9sAAAAJ
info
“Working with researchers from the University of Kansas, St. John's University, Montclair State University, and Temple University, Hajovsky sought to reveal which mental processes predict how children develop reading skills”
SINGLE SOURCE
The provided evidence for this claim consists of a general Wikipedia entry for Montclair State University and a different study by Hajovsky regarding autism. There is no evidence confirming the specific collaboration with the listed universities for this reading study.
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web search NEUTRAL — Montclair State University (Montclair) is a public research university in Montclair, New Jersey, United States. Parts of the campus extend into Clifton and into Little Falls.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montclair_State_University
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web search NEUTRAL — John Mark Froiland John Mark Froiland. Justin Allen. Daniel B. Hajovsky.Using nine years of data from the National Database for Autism Research, this study examined whether general intelligence change…
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel-Hajovsky
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web search NEUTRAL — von der Washington State University (WSU) geleitete Studie.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19368623.2024.2…
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“The team combined 50,000 correlations across 137 cognitive and achievement test batteries into a single model.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The search results provided for this claim are generic articles about LLMs, loneliness, and cognitive constructs; none mention the specific model of 50,000 correlations across 137 batteries.
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web search NEUTRAL — When studies assessed the same cognitive construct using different tools such as employing multiple distinct memory tests, we pooled the standardized mean differences. Both are reported with their 95%…
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/…
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web search NEUTRAL — This study explores the neural and behavioral consequences of LLM-assisted essay writing. Participants were divided into three groups: LLM, Search Engine, and Brain-only (no tools). Each completed thr…
https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/your-brain-on-chatgpt…
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web search NEUTRAL — While the study relied on cognitive test scores, the authors offered biological explanations for why psychological pain is associated with changes in the brain. Chronic emotional distress often accomp…
https://www.psypost.org/new-onset-loneliness-triggers-an-acc…
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“Visual processing showed no meaningful relationship to reading ability anywhere in the analysis.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The search results provided are dictionary definitions of 'analysis' and 'analytics' and do not contain any findings regarding visual processing and reading ability.
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web search NEUTRAL — Analytics Traffic analysis of Wikipedia Analytics is the systematic computational analysis of data or statistics. [1] It is used for the discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patt…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytics
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web search NEUTRAL — The meaning of ANALYSIS is a detailed examination of anything complex in order to understand its nature or to determine its essential features : a thorough study.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/analysis
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web search NEUTRAL — ANALYSIS meaning: 1. the act of studying or examining something in detail, in order to discover or understand more…. Learn more.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/analy…
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“General intelligence mattered, but far less than earlier research had claimed.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The search results provided are advertisements for AI study tools and online courses, providing no scientific data on general intelligence and reading.
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web search NEUTRAL — Master any subject with Studley AI. Trusted by more than 2,000,000 top students. Create beautiful and interactive notes, flashcards, quizzes and podcasts from any content. Study smarter, not harder.
https://www.studley.ai/
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web search NEUTRAL — Take online courses on Study.com that are fun and engaging. Pass exams to earn real college credit. Research schools and degrees to further your education.
https://study.com/
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web search NEUTRAL — StudyFetch builds a personalized study plan from your materials, breaking them into an ordered sequence of topics so you learn things the right way. Instead of guessing what to review, you get flashca…
https://www.studyfetch.com/
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“The findings are published in the Journal of Intelligence.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The search results are general definitions of 'research' and links to ResearchGate, but do not confirm the publication of this specific study in the Journal of Intelligence.
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web search NEUTRAL — Access 160+ million publication pages and connect with 25+ million researchers. Join for free and gain visibility by uploading your research.
https://www.researchgate.net/
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web search NEUTRAL — 3 days ago · The Open Access journal Research, published in association with CAST, publishes innovative, wide-ranging research in life sciences, physical sciences, engineering and applied science.
https://spj.science.org/journal/research
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web search NEUTRAL — Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. [1] It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, cha…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research
info
“Broad abilities such as comprehension-knowledge and auditory processing played strong, specific roles in reading beyond general intelligence, especially for decoding and comprehension.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The search results provided are dictionary definitions of 'comprehension' and do not provide any research findings regarding auditory processing or decoding.
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web search NEUTRAL — The meaning of COMPREHENSION is the act or action of grasping with the intellect : understanding. How to use comprehension in a sentence.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/comprehension
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web search NEUTRAL — Definition of comprehension noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/eng…
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web search NEUTRAL — COMPREHENSION definition: 1. the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, facts, etc.: 2. a test…. Learn more.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/comprehe…
info
“Together, those two [auditory processing and comprehension-knowledge] predicted reading abilities more reliably than anything else the study measured.”
SINGLE SOURCE
While some search results discuss auditory processing and reading in general, none confirm that these two specific factors were the 'most reliable predictors' in the study led by Hajovsky.
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web search NEUTRAL — Findings indicate that some cognitive abilities were stronger predictors of reading achievement than previously found (e.g., Gf, Ga, and Gs). Most notably, the Woodcock-Johnson–IV Gf cluster was found…
https://sage.cnpereading.com/doi/10.1177/0734282916659208
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web search NEUTRAL — The predictive relations between auditory processing and phonological development are robust for this sample even when phonological awareness at Time 1 (the autoregressor) is controlled. High reading/…
https://www.academia.edu/107844839/The_contribution_of_audit…
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web search NEUTRAL — This study examined the relationship between vocabulary size and depth to the reading comprehension of tertiary students. The respondents included 36 first-year students who were enrolled in an educat…
https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/AJELP/article/view/12…
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“Memory, mental processing speed, and reasoning all played important supporting roles.”
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
No evidence was found after searching.
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“Daniel B. Hajovsky et al, Toward a Consensus Model of Cognitive–Reading Achievement Relations Using Meta-Structural Equation Modeling, Journal of Intelligence (2025). DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence13080104”
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
No evidence was found after searching to confirm the existence of this specific paper, its date, or its DOI.
info Disclaimer: This analysis is generated by AI and should be used as a starting point for critical thinking, not as definitive truth. Claims are verified against publicly available sources. Always consult the original article and additional sources for complete context.