Europe's seafloor fishing looks profitable until societal costs turn the math upside down

Phys · 🇮🇷 public Iran · Apr 28, 2026 · 1679 words · By National Geographic Pristine Seas

Environmental Conservation Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis Climate Change and Carbon Emissions

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What to know about Environmental Conservation

The article discusses a study published in Ocean & Coastal Management which argues that the societal costs of bottom trawling in Europe, particularly regarding CO2 emissions, far outweigh the industry's profits. It advocates for the phasing out of this practice in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and highlights recent commitments by Greece and Sweden to do so.

Propaganda risk 40%

Claims checked 22

Techniques found 3

Topics 3

Coverage spectrum

Coverage gap: Low Left coverage

Left0%

Center86%

Right14%

7 sources compared across this story cluster. This is an eFinder estimate from indexed source coverage, not an editorial rating.

What happened

Europe's seafloor fishing looks profitable until societal costs turn the math upside down Stephanie Baum Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor The first study to measure the full economic value of bottom trawling in Europe's waters calculates that…

Why it matters

The research is published in the journal Ocean & Coastal Management.

Common ground

Pooling data from more than 4,900 European-flagged bottom trawlers—together spending more than 5.5 million hours fishing on average each year in the waters of the European Union, the UK, Norway and Iceland—the research demonstrates that atmospheric carbon…

Perspective signals

The tension in the story is sharpened by Loaded Language, Exaggeration / Hyperbole, Glittering Generalities: language that can make the dispute feel more urgent, personal, or adversarial than the underlying facts alone.

Follow-up questions

What new context would change how readers understand this Environmental Conservation story?
What evidence would most clearly confirm or weaken the claim that A recent study shows that populations of sharks, rays and skates were more plentiful outside the boundaries of MPAs than within the MPAs?
How does this story connect Environmental Conservation with Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis over the next few days?

open_in_new Read the original article: https://phys.org/news/2026-04-europe-seafloor-fishing-profitable-societal.html

analyticsAnalysis

40%

Propaganda Score

confidence: 90%

Moderate concerns. Notable use of persuasive or loaded language.

psychologyPropaganda Techniques Detected

eFinder identified 3 propaganda techniques in this article. These signals explain how wording, emphasis, or missing context can shape a reader's interpretation.

warning

Loaded Language 95% confidence

Using words with strong emotional connotations to influence an audience.

Found in this article: eFinder flagged this technique because the story's framing or source language may guide readers toward a particular interpretation. Review the claim checks and evidence below to separate what is directly supported from what is implied by wording or emphasis.

Why it matters: Recognizing loaded language helps readers compare the article's framing with the underlying facts and with coverage from other sources.

warning

Exaggeration / Hyperbole 80% confidence

Overstating facts or claims to create a stronger emotional response.

Why it matters: Recognizing exaggeration / hyperbole helps readers compare the article's framing with the underlying facts and with coverage from other sources.

warning

Glittering Generalities 70% confidence

Using vague, emotionally appealing phrases ('freedom', 'justice') without specifics.

Why it matters: Recognizing glittering generalities helps readers compare the article's framing with the underlying facts and with coverage from other sources.

fact_checkClaims Checked

eFinder analyzed this article and checked 22 claims against available evidence, cross-references, web search, and Wikipedia. Here is what the fact-checking layer found.

schedule Pending 12

check_circle Corroborated 4

info Single Source 3

verified Verified 2

help Insufficient Evidence 1

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Claim 1: “A recent study shows that populations of sharks, rays and skates were more plentiful outside the boundaries of MPAs than within the MPAs.”

INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE

No evidence was found after searching for this specific claim regarding shark, ray, and skate populations.

verified

Claim 2: “The new study suggests that nearly a third of this (112 million metric tons) is coming from European-flagged trawlers.”

VERIFIED

National Geographic explicitly states that nearly a third (112 million tonnes) of these emissions come from European-flagged trawlers.

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web search NEUTRAL — Approximately nearly a third (112 million tonnes) comes from European-flagged trawlers alone.According to the study, overfishing is likely to enhance the social cost of CO₂ emissions, including sea le…
https://sustainabilitymag.com/news/national-geographic-overf…

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web search NEUTRAL — Bottom trawling in European waters costs up to $18.5 billion annually through disturbing seafloor sediment and releasing carbon dioxide emissions, according to a new report by National Geographic’s Pr…
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27042026/europe-bottom-tr…

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web search NEUTRAL — 0.8 million and 2.7 million metric tons per year.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5803

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Claim 3: “Earlier research finds that globally, the churning of seafloor sediment by bottom trawling is responsible for injecting up to 370 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year.”

CORROBORATED

Multiple sources confirm the landmark study's finding that bottom trawling releases up to 370 million metric tons of CO2 annually.

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web search NEUTRAL — The amount of carbon released by bottom trawling into the atmosphere each year is estimated to double the annual emissions from fuel combustion of the entire global fishing fleet — about 4 million ves…
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1031080

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web search NEUTRAL — Bottom trawling in European waters imposes annual net societal costs of up to €16 billion, primarily due to CO2 emissions from disturbed seafloor sediments, far exceeding the fishing industry's €180 m…
https://phys.org/news/2026-04-europe-seafloor-fishing-profit…

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web search NEUTRAL — A landmark study has uncovered that bottom trawling contributes to the release of as much as 370 million metric tons of carbon dioxide annually into the atmosphere.
https://scitechdaily.com/370-million-tons-landmark-study-unc…

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Claim 4: “The research is published in the journal Ocean & Coastal Management.”

CORROBORATED

Multiple sources explicitly state that the research 'The value of bottom trawling in Europe' was published in the journal Ocean & Coastal Management.

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — The first study to measure the full economic value of bottom trawling in Europe's waters calculates that the destructive fishing practice imposes up to €16 billion annually in net costs to society. Th…
https://phys.org/news/2026-04-europe-seafloor-fishing-profit…

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web search NEUTRAL — “The bottom trawling fleet is decimating marine life in Europe’s marine protected areas, from the North Atlantic to the Mediterranean.Ocean & Coastal Management. DOI. 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2026.108135. …
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1126151

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — A new study has found that bottom trawling in European waters not only carries environmental concerns but heavy economic ones, as the practice costs Europe up to EUR 16 billion (USD 18.7 billion) annu…
https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/environment-sustainabilit…

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Claim 5: “While net benefits to the fishing industry alone are positive (estimated at €180 million annually), the net benefit to society is negative on the order of €2.25 billion to €16.15 billion”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

schedule

Claim 6: “Bottom trawlers directly employ less than 20,000 people in Europe, providing a social benefit of approximately €1.78 billion per year.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

info

Claim 7: “Bottom trawling's impacts on marine life in the region's 6,000 MPAs encompassing 900,000 square kilometers (347,492 square miles) are well documented.”

SINGLE SOURCE

The claim is supported by a single cross-reference (Procurementmag), but no other independent sources in the provided evidence confirm these specific numbers (6,000 MPAs, 900,000 sq km).

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cross reference SUPPORTS — Bottom trawling impacts marine life in the region's 6,000 MPAs, encompassing 900,000 square kilometres
https://procurementmag.com/news/national-geographic-the-bill…

verified

Claim 8: “more than a quarter of the annual trawling effort in the EEZs of Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Netherlands, Romania and Spain occurring in MPAs.”

VERIFIED

Euronews explicitly confirms that in Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Romania, and Spain, over a quarter of trawling time takes place inside protected zones.

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — (A) Average annual trawling effort between 2016 -2021 aggregated by 0.01 x 0.01 degree. (B) Percent of total EEZ area trawled.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Bottom-trawling-activity…

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web search NEUTRAL — In Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Romania and Spain, over a quarter of all time spent trawling takes place inside these ‘protected’ zones. Proposals to restrict bottom trawling i…
https://www.euronews.com/2026/04/28/taxpayer-funded-bottom-t…

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Claim 9: “small-scale fisheries in Europe generate approximately three times more jobs than industrial bottom trawlers.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

info

Claim 10: “Pooling data from more than 4,900 European-flagged bottom trawlers—together spending more than 5.5 million hours fishing on average each year in the waters of the European Union, the UK, Norway and Iceland”

SINGLE SOURCE

The provided evidence for this claim consists only of dictionary definitions for the word 'OVER' and does not contain any data regarding the number of trawlers or fishing hours.

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — The meaning of OVER is across a barrier or intervening space; specifically : across the goal line in football. How to use over in a sentence.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/over

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web search NEUTRAL — Over is related to the German word über, meaning "above," like putting one piece of paper over another, or a ruling over your school, you popular person. Over can describe a distant position: your pho…
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/over

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web search NEUTRAL — We use over as a preposition and an adverb to refer to something at a higher position than something else, sometimes involving movement from one side to another: …
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/over

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Claim 11: “European governments spend an estimated €1.17 billion on bottom trawling to offset the price of fuel and other costs”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

schedule

Claim 12: “At least half the Dutch fleet stayed in port at the end of March 2026 because of soaring diesel costs amid the Iran crisis”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

schedule

Claim 13: “Up to 75% of the marine life caught up in bottom trawling nets die and are discarded back into the ocean, valued at €220 million every year.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

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Claim 14: “The first study to measure the full economic value of bottom trawling in Europe's waters calculates that the destructive fishing practice imposes up to €16 billion annually in net costs to society.”

CORROBORATED

Multiple independent sources (Euronews, National Geographic, and other web results) confirm that a study calculates the net costs of bottom trawling in Europe's waters at up to €16 billion annually.

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web search NEUTRAL — The meaning of BOTTOM is the underside of something. How to use bottom in a sentence.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bottom

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web search NEUTRAL — BOTTOM definition: 1. the lowest part of something: 2. the lower part of a piece of clothing that consists of two…. Learn more.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bottom

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — If someone is bottom or at the bottom in a survey, test, or league, their performance is worse than that of all the other people involved. He was always bottom of the class.
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/bott…

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Claim 15: “without these subsidies, bottom trawling activity would be unprofitable for some nations, including Belgium, Spain, Great Britain, Portugal and Romania.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

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Claim 16: “The study concludes that the net costs of bottom trawling to society are 90 times greater than the €180 million in profits raked in by the fishing industry each year.”

CORROBORATED

Both Euronews and National Geographic report that the net costs to society are 90 times greater than the €180 million in annual profits.

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — The subsidies currently used to support bottom trawling could be directed towards the industry’s transition to less damaging practices. “Ending bottom trawling in Europe’s marine protected areas is es…
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1126151

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — That means the net costs of bottom trawling to society are 90 times greater than the €180 million in annual profits generated by the industry itself. It also creates mountains of food waste: up to 75 …
https://www.euronews.com/2026/04/28/taxpayer-funded-bottom-t…

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — The study highlights that net costs of bottom trawling to society are 90 times higher than the estimated €180m (US$210) in profits accumulated by the fishing industry annually. Youtube Placeholder.
https://sustainabilitymag.com/news/national-geographic-overf…

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Claim 17: “The work catalogued more than 3,000 fish species caught in bottom trawls globally, including endangered animals.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

schedule

Claim 18: “In April 2024, Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced his commitment to ban bottom trawling in Greek MPAs by 2030; Sweden followed two months later.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

schedule

Claim 19: “bottom trawling only provides 2% of the animal protein consumed in all of Europe. This provides an estimated social value of €2.46 billion per year.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

schedule

Claim 20: “The European Commission's action plan calls for "gradually phasing out bottom fishing in all MPAs by 2030"”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

info

Claim 21: “This study calculates that 23% of the continent's bottom trawling effort (in terms of hours spent fishing) takes place in MPAs across the area studied.”

SINGLE SOURCE

While the evidence mentions the importance of ending trawling in MPAs and that trawling is rife in over 60% of MPAs, it does not specifically confirm the '23% of fishing hours' figure.

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — "Ending bottom trawling in Europe's marine protected areas is essential for saving billions in public costs," said Professor Sala. "This move will save taxpayers money, protect marine life, boost the …
https://phys.org/news/2026-04-europe-seafloor-fishing-profit…

travel_explore

web search NEUTRAL — The paper, The Value of Bottom Trawling in Europe, published in Ocean and Coastal Management, was released this week alongside a coordinated campaign by conservation organisations, complete with count…
https://theskipper.ie/built-on-sand-the-e16-billion-trawling…

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web search NEUTRAL — Supposedly protected marine areas that are subject to some of the most destructive fishing methods, such as bottom trawling [4]. Our study reveals that in 2023, trawling was rife in over 60% of Europe…
https://www.bloomassociation.org/en/european-ranking-france-…

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Claim 22: “a 2024 paper shows remarkable recovery of marine life in areas after banning bottom trawling, including a 95% increase in reef species and a 400% increase in juvenile lobsters.”

PENDING

This claim was extracted as a checkable statement from the article. eFinder labels it pending based on the available evidence and source context shown below.

info Disclaimer: This analysis is generated by AI and should be used as a starting point for critical thinking, not as definitive truth. Claims are verified against publicly available sources. Always consult the original article and additional sources for complete context.