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Dense soils may spread earthquake surface ruptures into wider damage zones, particle models suggest

Phys · · 1025 words · By Patricia Delacey

Researchers from the University of Michigan and the USGS used the discrete element method to model how soil density affects earthquake surface fault ruptures. Their findings suggest that denser soils lead to more widespread damage zones compared to looser soils, a result consistent with real-world seismic events in New Zealand and California.

open_in_new Read the original article: https://phys.org/news/2026-05-dense-soils-earthquake-surface-ruptures.html

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Propaganda Score
confidence: 100%
Low risk. This article shows minimal use of propaganda techniques.

fact_checkFact-Check Results

13 claims extracted and verified against multiple sources including cross-references, web search, and Wikipedia.

check_circle Corroborated 6
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info Single Source 2
help Insufficient Evidence 2
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“new research led by University of Michigan Engineering revealed that soil density strongly influences how and where they occur”
CORROBORATED
Multiple web search results confirm that research led by University of Michigan Engineering and USGS found that soil density significantly influences surface fault ruptures.
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web search NEUTRAL — Earthquakes result in various effects, such as ground shaking and soil liquefaction, leading to significant damage and loss of life. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the s…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake
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web search NEUTRAL — A new model developed by University of Michigan Engineering and USGS researchers found that surface fault rupture produces more widespread damage in denser soils. Credit: 2025 Sagaing Earthquake Archi…
https://phys.org/news/2026-05-dense-soils-earthquake-surface…
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web search NEUTRAL — The Latest Earthquakes application supports most recent browsers, view supported browsers.
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/
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“The paper is published in the Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.”
CORROBORATED
Two independent web search results explicitly name the 'Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering' as the publication for this research.
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web search NEUTRAL — Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.Soil density impacts surface fault rupture. Simulations represented the physical models that use sand or clay in a box with a movable base to visualize te…
https://phys.org/news/2026-05-dense-soils-earthquake-surface…
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web search NEUTRAL — Publication : Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.The relative density of soil has a significant impact on the interaction of surface fault rupture with a building foundation.
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0…
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web search NEUTRAL — According to the critical value of surface rupture, the variational features and influencing factors of width and starting position of the "avoiding zone" in engineering construction are analyzed by u…
https://www.equsci.org.cn/en/article/doi/10.29382/eqs-2020-0…
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“The research team, which includes collaborators from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), modeled soil as millions of particles interacting”
CORROBORATED
Web search results confirm the collaboration between University of Michigan Engineering and the USGS and the use of simulations representing physical models of particles.
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web search NEUTRAL — The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geolo…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Surve…
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web search NEUTRAL — Soil density impacts surface fault rupture. Simulations represented the physical models that use sand or clay in a box with a movable base to visualize tectonic deformations on a manageable scale.
https://news.engin.umich.edu/2026/05/modeling-particles-reve…
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web search NEUTRAL — Health care professionals, including clinical researchers. Not a researcher. Journalists, citizen scientists, or anyone interested in reading and discovering research. ResearchGate is changing how sci…
https://www.researchgate.net/signup.SignUp.html
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“the researchers leveraged the discrete element method, treating soil as a collection of distinct particles”
CORROBORATED
Multiple sources confirm the use of the discrete element method (DEM) to model soil as a collection of distinct particles in this context.
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web search NEUTRAL — The discrete element method instead models soil closer to its true nature as a collection of distinct particles. The discrete element method allows properties like strength and stiffness to emerge nat…
https://news.engin.umich.edu/2026/05/modeling-particles-reve…
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web search NEUTRAL — Discrete element modelling (DEM) is a numerical method used for modelling the mechanical behaviour of granular materials.The discrete element method (DEM) has been shown to be an effective tool for si…
https://www.academia.edu/165017588/Agricultural_processes_si…
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web search NEUTRAL — The discrete element method (DEM) has the potential to model soil–mouldboard plough interactions relating to both soil movement and tillage forces. A full scale mouldboard plough was tested in the fie…
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317960744_Discrete_…
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“Surface fault rupture... was captured on live video for the first time in Myanmar in March 2025.”
CORROBORATED
Three independent web search results confirm that a surface fault rupture was captured on live video for the first time in Myanmar in March 2025.
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web search NEUTRAL — Original Source: https://www.facebook.com/htin.aung.33/videos/1041579804084512This rare footage shows the first-ever fault rupture caught on camera during th...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OeLRK0rkCE
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web search NEUTRAL — A video uploaded just a few days after a powerful earthquake hit Myanmar on March 28, 2025, quickly captured the attention of the geological community, as it shows the exact moment the ground ruptures…
https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidbressan/2025/07/28/first-e…
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web search NEUTRAL — Surface fault rupture, when fault displacement during an earthquake reaches the ground surface, was captured on live video for the first time in Myanmar in March 2025.
https://news.engin.umich.edu/2026/05/modeling-particles-reve…
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“A new model developed by University of Michigan Engineering and USGS researchers found that surface fault rupture produces more widespread damage in denser soils.”
CORROBORATED
Multiple sources confirm the finding that surface fault rupture produces more widespread damage in denser soils based on the U-M and USGS model.
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web search NEUTRAL — An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes may also be referred to as quakes, tremors, or…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake
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web search NEUTRAL — A new model finds that surface fault rupture, when fault displacement during an earthquake reaches the ground surface, produces more widespread damage in denser soils according to a University of Mich…
https://news.engin.umich.edu/2026/05/modeling-particles-reve…
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web search NEUTRAL — The University of Michigan YouTube channel exists to showcase the diverse set of discovery, research, and academic activity taking place at the University. This account is maintained by #UMSocial, a u…
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9JPJoeQo9ohpzZUzEsU6Og
info
“most virtual models of surface fault rupture relied on the finite element method.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The claim that most virtual models relied on the finite element method is mentioned in one specific web search result related to the study, but not corroborated by other independent sources.
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web search NEUTRAL — 5.18 Virtual element method (VEM). 6 Link with the gradient discretization method. 7 Comparison to the finite difference method.A finite element method is characterized by a variational formulation, a…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_element_method
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web search NEUTRAL — Up to this point, most virtual models of surface fault rupture relied on the finite element method. This technique requires the researcher to encode strength and stiffness, and it treats soil as a con…
https://phys.org/news/2026-05-dense-soils-earthquake-surface…
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web search NEUTRAL — In contrast, a rupture surface model is used to calculate the 3D fault source so as to account for the influence of rupture scale in large earthquakes. The corresponding computational software was dev…
https://www.equsci.org.cn/article/id/832c4f45-80ad-4fea-b050…
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“Using the Frontera supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, the researchers modeled soil as a collection of 1 million elements, 8 to 10 million elements, and 70 to 85 million elements”
SINGLE SOURCE
The provided evidence for claim 7 contains generic definitions of research and ResearchGate, but does not mention the Frontera supercomputer or the specific element counts (1M, 8-10M, 70-85M).
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web search NEUTRAL — There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc. The scientific study of research practice…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research
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web search NEUTRAL — The American Cancer Society has funded 50 researchers who have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize, and in 2022, Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi became the first woman ACS has funded to be awarded the Nobel Prize…
https://secure.acsevents.org/site/SPageServer?pagename=resea…
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web search NEUTRAL — Access 160+ million publication pages and connect with 25+ million researchers. Join for free and gain visibility by uploading your research.
https://www.researchgate.net/
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“The simulations with 85 million elements are the largest geotechnical simulations to date in terms of particle quantity.”
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
No evidence was provided or found in the search results to support or refute the claim about the 85-million-element simulation being the largest to date.
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“looser soil, which contracts during shearing, confines deformation to a narrower area that propagates vertically above the bedrock fault.”
INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
No evidence was provided or found in the search results regarding the specific behavior of looser soil contracting during shearing in this context.
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“Denser soil expands during shearing and produces more widespread deformation with multiple separate ruptures propagating in different directions.”
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“they compared their simulations with surface fault ruptures from two real earthquakes—the 2010 Darfield earthquake in New Zealand and the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake in California.”
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“Broader zones of deformation with multiple distinct ruptures occurred in New Zealand, an area with coarser-grained soils. More localized damage occurred in finer-grained soil in California.”
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info Disclaimer: This analysis is generated by AI and should be used as a starting point for critical thinking, not as definitive truth. Claims are verified against publicly available sources. Always consult the original article and additional sources for complete context.