fullscreen

eFinder

eFinder

Home › Article

Better protecting consumers against fake reviews with a new training method

Phys · · 324 words · By University
headphones Listen to the eFinder podcast briefing
Generate a natural audio summary of this story
Daily briefing

What to know about Better protecting consumers against fake reviews with a new training method

The article describes Ph.D. research by Michelle Walther at the University of Twente regarding how consumers identify fake online reviews. It introduces the Consumer Review Evaluation Model (CREM) and a training program designed to improve consumers' ability to detect misleading information.

Propaganda risk 0%
Claims checked 6
Techniques found 0
Topics 0

Coverage spectrum

Coverage gap: Low Left coverage
Left0%
Center80%
Right20%

5 sources compared across this story cluster. This is an eFinder estimate from indexed source coverage, not an editorial rating.

What happened

Better protecting consumers against fake reviews with a new training method Sadie Harley Scientific Editor Robert Egan Associate Editor Online reviews play an important role in consumers' purchasing decisions.

Why it matters

Yet many consumers struggle to recognize fake reviews, even though these are specifically designed to influence opinions and buying behavior.

Common ground

research at the University of Twente, Michelle Walther investigated how consumers evaluate online reviews, which cues they use to identify fake reviews, and how these skills can be improved.

Perspective signals

No major persuasion pattern has been attached yet, so the source, headline, and evidence should carry most of the weight for readers.

The article describes Ph.D. research by Michelle Walther at the University of Twente regarding how consumers identify fake online reviews. It introduces the Consumer Review Evaluation Model (CREM) and a training program designed to improve consumers' ability to detect misleading information.

open_in_new Read the original article: https://phys.org/news/2026-05-consumers-fake-method.html

analyticsAnalysis

0%
Propaganda Score
confidence: 100%
Low risk. This article shows minimal use of propaganda techniques.

fact_checkClaims Checked

eFinder analyzed this article and checked 6 claims against available evidence, cross-references, web search, and Wikipedia. Here is what the fact-checking layer found.

check_circle Corroborated 4
verified Verified 1
info Single Source 1
verified
Claim 1: “Ph.D. Defense Michelle Walther: Seeing Through The Stars | A Journey Through Human Fake Review Detection Provided by University of Twente”
VERIFIED
The PhD defense title 'Seeing Through The Stars | A Journey Through Human Fake Review Detection' is explicitly mentioned in the web search results associated with Michelle Walther.
menu_book
wikipedia NEUTRAL — A Doctor of Engineering (DEng or EngD) or Doctor of Science in Engineering (EngScD) is a research doctorate in engineering and applied science. An EngD is a terminal degree similar to a PhD in enginee…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Engineering
menu_book
wikipedia NEUTRAL — Enschede (Dutch: [ˈɛnsxədeː] ; local Twents: Eanske [ˈɛːnskə]) is a city and municipality in the province of Overijssel and the Twente region of the eastern Netherlands. The east of the urban area rea…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enschede
menu_book
wikipedia NEUTRAL — Peter-Paul Verbeek (Dutch: [vərˈbeːk]; born 6 December 1970 in Middelburg) is a Dutch philosopher who is Rector Magnificus of the University of Amsterdam and Professor of Philosophy and Ethics of Scie…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter-Paul_Verbeek
+ 3 more evidence sources
check_circle
Claim 2: “In her Ph.D. research at the University of Twente, Michelle Walther investigated how consumers evaluate online reviews, which cues they use to identify fake reviews, and how these skills can be improved.”
CORROBORATED
Evidence from a PhD defense page and an SSRN publication confirm Michelle Walther's research on the Consumer Review Evaluation Model (CREM) and fake review detection. While the provided web search results for claim 0 were irrelevant (Michelle Obama), the evidence provided for claims 1 and 2 explicitly confirms her role as a PhD student researching these specific topics.
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama[1] (née Robinson; born January 17, 1964) is an American attorney and author who served as First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017 as the wife of Barack Obama…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — May 14, 2026 · Michelle Obama joined her daughters Malia Obama and Sasha Obama for a rare outing at Funke Restaurant in Los Angeles on May 11.
https://www.eonline.com/news/1431988/michelle-obama-night-ou…
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Official website for MICHELLE. The new EP GLOW is out now.
https://www.wearemichelle.com/home-adwtd
info
Claim 3: “Experiments showed that participants who completed the training were significantly better at identifying fake reviews.”
SINGLE SOURCE
The provided evidence for claim 3 discusses AI image detection and general AI fake review detection, but does not specifically confirm that the CREM-based training program for humans resulted in significantly better identification of fake reviews.
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Using a platform like aio, they integrated advanced NLP models to identify fake reviews with high precision. The result was a notable decline in fraudulent feedback and a boost in genuine reviews, whi…
https://www.holiday.by/equip/14?the-use-of-ai-in-detecting-f…
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — The experimental results， evaluated using common anti-spoofing metrics， demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms both the SAMO baseline system and other advanced comparative systems.
https://signal.ejournal.org.cn/en/article/doi/10.12466/xhcl.…
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — I developed an online training program and assessment to evaluate the effectiveness of the training for AI image detection. The program demonstrated measurable improvements in participants’ detection …
https://www.polygence.org/projects/research-project-ai-image…
check_circle
Claim 4: “Walther developed the Consumer Review Evaluation Model (CREM model).”
CORROBORATED
Two independent sources (the PhD defense page and the SSRN paper) explicitly state that Michelle Walther developed the Consumer Review Evaluation Model (CREM).
menu_book
wikipedia NEUTRAL — Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly expose…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper
menu_book
wikipedia NEUTRAL — Expectancy violations theory (EVT) is a theory of communication that analyzes how individuals respond to unanticipated violations of social norms and expectations. The theory was proposed by Judee K. …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectancy_violations_theory
menu_book
wikipedia NEUTRAL — Rayon, also called viscose, is a semi-synthetic fiber made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulo…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon
+ 3 more evidence sources
check_circle
Claim 5: “the researcher developed a training program based on the CREM model.”
CORROBORATED
The SSRN publication title 'Training to recognize cues of low reviewers’ credibility...' and the PhD defense page both link Michelle Walther to the development of the CREM model and training related to it.
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Michelle Walther is a PhD Student in the department Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety.Using grounded theory approach and thinking-aloud approach I developed the Consumer Review Evaluation Model …
https://www.utwente.nl/en/bms/events/2026/4/828163/phd-defen…
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Michelle Walther. Independent - affiliation not provided to SSRN.Keywords: fake review detection, deception cues, veracity, credibility, consumer-perspective, Consumer Review Evaluation Model (CREM).
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5934296
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — In each case, the CREM-based preference optimization method was able to successfully identify molecules that matched the preferences of chemists, allowing for more efficient and targeted synthesis of …
https://www.aimodels.fyi/papers/arxiv/preference-optimizatio…
check_circle
Claim 6: “The Ph.D. study employed a combination of research methods, including a systematic literature review, grounded theory, and experimental research.”
CORROBORATED
Evidence confirms the use of grounded theory ('A grounded theory of how consumers determine the veracity...') and a systematic review (tandfonline.com), and the PhD defense page mentions the thinking-aloud approach and grounded theory.
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — systematic review published in Taylor & Francis.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15555240.2023.2…
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Michelle Walther.Therefore, this study uses a grounded theory approach to explore how consumers determine the veracity and trustworthiness of online user reviews.
https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/tbitxx/v45y2026i4p694-710.html
travel_explore
web search NEUTRAL — Log in to your ResearchGate account to access 160+ million publication pages and connect with 25+ million researchers.
https://www.researchgate.net/login
info Disclaimer: This analysis is generated by AI and should be used as a starting point for critical thinking, not as definitive truth. Claims are verified against publicly available sources. Always consult the original article and additional sources for complete context.